英语角|英语基本语法大全,适合基础差的学生入门
英语词性缩写 n = 名词,noun的缩写 u = 不可数名词,uncountable noun的缩写 vi = 不及物动词,intransitive verb的缩写 aux.v = 助动词 ,auxiliary verb的缩写 model verb情态动词 conj = 连接词 ,conjunction的缩写 prep = 介词;preposition的缩写 英文基本句式介绍: 五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。这五个基本句式如下: (说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=补语) S十V 在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: 他跑得快。 他们听得很仔细。 他挨冻受饿。 中国属于第三世界国家。 煤气用完了。 我的钢笔水用完了。 S十V十P 在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: 他比看上去要老。 他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来有趣。 书桌摸起来很硬。 饼尝起来很香。 花闻起来香甜。 你长得比以前高了。 他突然病倒了。 他静静地站看。 他长大后当了教师。 他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 S十V十O 在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: 我昨天看了一部电影。 你读过这个故事吗? 他们很容易找到他们的家。 他们去年建了一所房子。 他们在村里建了一座工厂。 这些孩子他们照看得很好。 你应该好好照看你的孩子。 S十V十O1十O2 在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: 他给我一本书。 他带给我一枝钢笔。 他把座位让给我。 注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: 妈妈给我买了一本书。 他给我弄了一把椅子。 请帮我一下。 他问我个问题。 注意,下边动词只有一种说法: 他们抢了老人的钱。 他警告我注意危险。 医生治好了他的病。 我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 S十V十O十C 在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词,请看下面的例子。 他们使这个女孩生气了。 他们发现那天她很高兴。 我发现他出去了。 我见他在家。 他们发现沙地上有脚印。 他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 我见他进来又出去。 他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 我刚才听到玻璃碎了。
c = 可数名词,countable noun的缩写
v = 动词, verb的缩写
vt = 及物动词,transitive verb的缩写
adj. = 形容词,adjective的缩写
adv.= 副词,adverb的缩写
art. = 冠词,article的缩写
pron = 代名词,pronoun的缩写
num = 数词,numeral的缩写
int. = 感叹词,interjection的缩写
S十V主谓结构
S十V十P主系表结构
S十V十O主谓宾结构
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
He runs quickly.
They listened carefully.
He suffered from cold and hunger.
China belongs to the third world country.
The gas has given out.
My ink has run out.
He is older than he looks.
He seen interested in the book.
The desk feels hard.
The cake tastes nice.
The flowers smell sweet and nice.
You have grown taller than before.
He has suddenly fallen ill.
He stood quite still.
He becomes a teacher when he grew up.
He could never turn traitor to his country.
I saw a film yesterday.
Have you read the story?
They found their home easily.
They built a house last year.
They‘ve put up a factory in the village.
They have taken good care of the children.
You should look after your children well.
He gave me a book/a book to me.
He brought me a pen/a pen to me.
He offered me his seat/his seat to me.
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
Please do me a favor/a favor for me.
He asked me a question/a question of me.
They robbed the old man of his money.
He’s warned me of the danger.
The doctor has cured him of his disease.
We must rid the house of the rats.
They deprived him of his right to speak.
They made the girl angry.
They found her happy that day.
I found him out.
I saw him in.
They saw a foot mark in the sand.
They named the boy Charlie.
I saw him come in and go out.
They felt the car moving fast.
I heard the glass broken just now.